Binding.



PATENTED JAN. 27, 1903. G. M. SMITH '& A. SMYTH.

BINDING.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 7, 1901.

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APPLICATION FILED OCT. 7, 1901.

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CHARLES H. SMITH AND ALBERT SMYTH, OF BROOKLYN, NEWV YORK.

BINDING.

SEEGITEIGAJEION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 719,154, dated January 2'7, 1903. Application filed October 7, 1901. Serial No. 77.931. (No model.)

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Be it known that we, CHARLES M. SMITH and ALBERT SMYTH, citizens of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bookbinding, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to bookbindings generally, but particularly to the soft flexible bindings of leather and like material used on what are known as divinity-circuit books and other books of high grade and finish.

The invention consists in the features of construction and arrangement of parts herein'after described and claimed specifically.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view of the inside of our completed cover before application to the book, partly broken away; Fig. 2, a view of the cover as applied to a forwarded book. Figs. 3, 4, and Stepresent diagrammatically and in detail the application of our improvements to a forwarded book. Figs. b and 7 illustrate the old form of binding lined to square. Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate the old form of binding lined to edge.

In order to clearly illustrate and define the scope of our invention, it will be necessary to refer briefly to the prior state of the art.

Books are usually bound in one of two styles, known technically aslined to square or lined to edge. In the first and cheaper stylelined to squarethe cover (or case) is first glued to the back of the book and then pasted or glued to the sides or end linings of the book, said end linings being also pasted to the first and last signatures or sections of the book, as indicated diagrammatically in Figs. 6 and 7, in which E represents the forwarded book, 1) b the outer pages of the last sections or signatures, e e the end linings, and C the cover. In the other and more expensive style of binding-lined to edge-the cover or case 0 is usually made in five piecesnamely, the outer cover 0, the two side coverlinings c 0, formed with the loose laps c c, and the two connecting-pieces c c at the head and tail of the cover. After making this style of cover it is first glued over the back of the forwarded book, the laps c c are pasted or glued to the sides of the book, and single end linings e e are then pasted over the laps c c, as Will be understood by Fig. 9 of the drawings. In either style of binding the pull of the cover during use on the first and last signatures of the book is sufficient to break the papers at the first and last pages. To overcome this difficulty, the first and last signatures have been whip-stitched, so as to insure the individual pages against undue strain but this does not overcome the difficulty, but merely transfers the fault farther toward the center of the book, so that the innor sections are disturbed or ruptured. We obviate this difficulty and relieve all the signatures entirely of undue strain by attaching both the book end linings and the cover itself directly and solely to the round of the forwarded book between the joints, as hereinafter described and claimed specifically. Incidentally we have also made a finished cover having the appearance of a linedto-edge cover by the use of two pieces onlynamely, the outer covering and an inner lining.

By reference to Fig. 8 of the drawings it will be seen that the lined-to-edge-cover edge 0 of the outer covering 0 overlaps the edges of the cover-linings c c, which is an expensive construction, since it is necessary to first turn said edges in over a piece of zinc with the lining underneath and then carefully cut and trim the edge with a knife, the zinc be ing then withdrawn with the surplus leather and the trimmed edge being secured to the lining.

In our improved construction of cover the edges 0 of the outer lining are turned over, are covered by the edges of the single-piece cover-lining 0 as indicated in Fig. 1, giving a neat finished appearance in all respects like the so-called lined-to-edge cover, but much simpler and cheaper of manufacture and more durable. In order to insure a stronger union between the finished cover and the round I) of the book when the two are glued together, we prefer to remove a portion of the lining coinciding in position with said round I) of thebook and insert in lieu thereof, securely fastened to the inner surface of the outer covering 0, a reinforcingstrip S of woven fabric, such as crash or other fibrous material. This makes a strong hinge or back, which distributes the strain evenly to all the signatures or sections coinposing the book alike, and since the union between cover and book is confined to the round 6 between the joints 5 b the book end linings and the leaves of the book are entirely free from strain. After the book B is forwarded single book-fly or end linings e e are secured to the round I? of the back beyond the joints b 19*, as shown in Fig. 4, and the completed cover 0 is then secured to the round 5 of the book between the joints 5 b as before mentioned. A book thus formed is rendered much more lasting and durable, its integrity also insured and maintained without in the least increasing its cost of production when compared even with the lined-tosquare binding. As compared with the old form of lined-to-edge binding it is much cheaper.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In combination withaforwarded book, a cover consisting of an outer covering the edges of which are turned in and covered by ner set forth.

CHARLES M. SMITH. ALBERT SMYTI-I. WVitnesses:

ADOLPH FROHLICH, CHAS. A. SEIDLER. 

